The Promise... and the Fall
Michael Greaves
Zeuxis reached out and touched the surface,
he became the bird, and the grapes the curtained veil.
Thursday May 12 - June 1
The Promise... and the Fall
In Conversation with Michael Greaves, February 2022
Compiled by Hilary Radner and Michael Greaves
Edited for coherency and succinctness by Hilary Radner
Hilary Over the many conversations we have had in the past three years, I have come to
understand your journey as a painter as one defined by the advent of the
photograph––and by “photograph” I mean the analogue photograph––as a
technology that can offer “a window on the world.” As you recently explained, during
your early experiences with painting in New Zealand when you first came to identify
yourself as a painter, in the milieu in which you found yourself, “a good painting was
one that looked like a photograph.”
As we all know, many paintings today use the photograph in a variety of
ways––whether as source material, or as literal projections on the canvas that
directly reference the camera obscura. The camera obscura, a predecessor of
twentieth-century cameras, was developed largely by painters during the Italian
Renaissance. It served to project an image on a wall, with the purpose of assisting
artists to depict the world in terms of the specific geometry of one-point perspective.
As we know, one-point perspective is a technique at the heart of many trompe-l’oeil
paintings––paintings that, at least momentarily, deceive viewers into thinking that the
two-dimensional representation of an object is, in fact, the three-dimensional object
itself.
In this context, I note an anecdote that you recounted recently: you said that, at art
school in the 1990s, you painted a detailed image of a small spoon on the face of an
otherwise non-representational painting. One of your “studio- mates,” was initially
convinced that you had attached an actual spoon to the canvas, recalling the Ancient
Greek tale of the two painters Zeuxis and Parrhasios. Parrhasios tricked Zeuxis into
believing that his painting of a curtain was an actual curtain, seemingly hiding
another painting underneath.
Coincidentally in many of your works, the viewer sees another painting hidden
beneath a boldly abstract pattern, as is the case with the works included in the series
“The Promise . . . and the Fall.” Yet, this strategy has a very different purpose
compared with that of Parrhasios, who was deliberately trying to trick his viewers.
Your purpose, one that animates your work over the past twenty years, is to explore
what a painting can do if it refuses the model of representation defined by the
camera obscura. In this series “The Promise . . . and the Fall,” you implicitly contrast
“the immediacy of a painting” when presented to viewers in which they “see the
painting in one go” with the process through which artists themselves create a
painting.
Michael When I’m talking about “seeing a painting in one go,” I’m not talking about how it
unfolds over time for the viewer. When the maker makes the painting, it might take
weeks or months to make, and during that time the painter will encounter that work in
multiple different states. It will alter and shift and change. It’s part of the process of
making a painting and that’s part of the interest that I have with painting. You end up
covering things up and erasing things and shifting things and moving stuff around.
There’s a delicate balance between something looking good and something doing
what it is you want it to. You often destroy, or erase, a painting . . . or ruin a
painting––or what you think is destroying or ruining it. But you may find something
quite exciting because there’s something that you didn’t expect that happens. Even
when you are looking at an object in the world to paint or to draw, there’s a slippage
that occurs––“in translation.” You see it, you experience it and then you try and make
your hand move to make it work. That’s the whole process and it unpacks over time.
What I’m talking about when I say “seeing the work in one go” is that when viewers
confront a painting for the first time, they see those weeks, months, even years,
compressed into a very, very short moment. Now that short moment might be a half-
an-hour, the time that they spend looking at it in the gallery. That time might be less,
but it also might be the only time that they ever see it. So, they have a half-an-hour of
that compressed time. That initial elongated period of time, the time of making, is
condensed into a single moment. That’s the thing that operates on the audience.
There’s also something that’s left in the art that might trigger someone to think about
something.
I feel that this process of “making” is analogous to experiencing life itself. Moving
through life is a process. Things happen to you. You experience certain things. They
all come back as memories. Sometimes they come back to you as false memories.
They may come back to you as memories that provide some kind of element of
something that happened before––a “déjà vu,” maybe. 1 And you are always trying to
“scrape” back that moment of déjà vu, which is effusive and somehow always
escapes direct interrogation . . . like it sits on the periphery, like you know it but
cannot pin it down. . . and you are trying to get close to that thing. From multiple
experiences, I think, you end up presenting certain shapes or objects that stand in for
other things. In painting it might be that you resonate with a particular shape, or you
resonate with particular colours, or you propose a certain striation of things that you
look at on the surface. You’re trying to work that thing out.
I’ve constructed or made things to try and articulate stuff that I remember and that I
don’t have access to anymore. And when you do that, that creates something new
that encapsulates the thing that you’re trying grasp or to get close to. It’s never,
however, the same. I’m not trying to replicate a thing in two-dimensions, or make a
painting of it, I’m trying to actually grasp it itself. And . . . I’m always going to fall
short. It’s always going to be wrong. And in doing so, I’m going to enjoy looking at the
different ways this kind of muddy colour stuff that goes on with the brush makes me
feel or makes me think.
The “moment of recall”––what I am calling a déjà vu––that I am experiencing is an already seen
thing, usually something “on loop” as if it were a film clip or the like. It is usually associated with a
sound, and it drags me closer without giving up its truth . . . the truth of where and when I saw this
first. It [this experience] occurs often under times of stress or meditation, at either ends of the
spectrum––which I also associate with the state one enters when painting.
Hilary Hmm . . . then really what the viewer “sees in one go” is what remains, the traces of
your process that coalesces into a whole at a moment determined by you as at least
an interesting failure in your attempt to grasp “the thing itself.” In your attempt to
address “the thing itself” you often end up with one painting superimposed on
another, as is the case in an exhibition held at RDS Gallery, “Time Steals Some
Things, But Gives Us Back Others,” in October 2021, a collection of work made five
or six years earlier, but also in this current exhibition “The Promise . . . and the Fall.”
How and why do you arrive at that point?
Michael I was always interested in how I would remember instances and experiences, and
how much of “a thing” was needed in order to represent “that thing,” that initial
experience. For example, in a series of paintings that I made in my final year at art
school, I used the café and the ritual of sharing food as the focus for my interest in
the image. I would photograph scenes from the café and then reproduce these
scenes in paintings. In these works, I would leave things out, the chair might only
have three legs or there would be a substantive area of the painting that was
unfinished or underworked. It was as if you didn’t need the full representation to
make sense of the painting.
So, from this I began thinking about how a painting presents itself and the process
that is undertaken to make a painting, from the white or raw canvas to a depiction of
a coherent scene, to create what might be termed “a visual coherence” within the
frame. This static end, in my mind, became a relationship between layers and times
when things were out of sight or partially unseen––as if the reading of a painting
were about an accumulation of moments. This is what I enact in these paintings. The
painting under the painting is often the failed thought of what the painting was
supposed to be. Trying to find a relevant way to translate an idea into an image
results in an inevitable loss, a kind of absence, or failure, realised in the moment
when you understand as a painter that you are unable to “image” the things that you
really want––to make an image that corresponds to your idea. This initial failure also
acts as a clearing house, having an intermediary function, that results in the
emergence of an idea on which I can make good. It is as if I need to make this (the
first iteration) to make that (the final work). This strategy also lets me experience
compositional moments that might not have occurred if I had attempted to plan
everything in advance, and thus control the outcomes in their entirety. So, the
superimposition of one painting over another has both a mechanical and conceptual
function for me in developing work.
I begin a painting with drawing. Drawing is an integral process for me, either in a
traditional sense or digitally. I have been using digital methods of drawing now for a
couple of years. This allows me to remove unnecessary risks entailed in the act of
painting. The digital, however, cannot accurately substitute for the process of
painting. Painting as an activity might be informed by a drawing process that
mitigates some of the risk, but the painting process means that this same risk must
be reactivated in some way, which I enjoy. In the past, I used charcoal to sketch in
an object, most often on a coloured ground. I like the way that I can activate a “colour
mixing in the eye” in a drawing that will occur later when the painting is subjected to
different lighting conditions.
The object [in the hidden painting] has significance. For example, the objects that are
included in the body of work in this current exhibition have as their point of departure
sculptural objects, separated from their space, on plinths of some sort, to be viewed
as such. These objects for me come with a story, a history, and that is important. The
object might be banal, a lamp, or a rock, but usually they have been altered in some
way. These objects are framed, placed specifically within the parameters of the
canvas.
Paintings for me begin as a way of accessing a “déjà vu” moment, an “already seen”
moment, an image that I feel that I have seen before that re-emerges, that
“reoccurs,” in times of contemplation. These remembered moments or images
activate threads that are not quite formed, or, perhaps, not quite within my reach. So,
I cannot pin down the exact moment or time to which a memory relates, but I feel that
these two moments are connected, the memory’s moment of origin and then the time
when that memory returns as a “déjà vu” moment. The painted representations exist
on the canvas for a period of time before they are replaced, covered, or reworked, a
respite in which their significance can be felt. The final surface is made in what
seems a brief moment, during which I tend not to “overthink.” Time stretches. You
might call it a meditative moment––one in which things are revealed or hidden.
Hilary In a sense, you suggest that painting affords you a set of strategies that
simultaneously reveal and conceal a web of inner concerns that remain at arm’s
length from artist and viewer, echoing another spate of issues that you have raised in
past conversations. It would seem, as you have explained to me on several
occasions, that your journey as a painter is one that appears destined to avoid any
definitive resolution. You once compared it to entering a room through a door which
you unlocked with great difficulty, only to discover yourself in yet another room with
yet another locked door.
Michael Strangely, I was thinking along the same lines––that to continue this conversation
would be like opening another door. So maybe this a good place to end––until we
open the next door, the next conversation.
©Michael Greaves and Hilary Radner
Contributors
Michael Greaves (b. 1976) currently lives and works in Dunedin where he graduated
from The Dunedin School of Art at Otago Polytechnic in 2017 with a Masters of Fine
Art (Distinction) and holds the position of Senior Lecturer in Painting. He has
exhibited nationally, and internationally, and has work held in the James Wallace Arts
Trust, the Otago Polytechnic Collection and in numerous private collections in New
Zealand, Australia, the UK, the USA and Europe. Recent work by Greaves has been
exhibited in Berlin, Auckland and Dunedin.
Hilary Radner began her career as a video artist in the late 1970s and early 1980s,
with work shown at MOMA (1981), and the Biennale of Sydney (1982). In 1988, she
completed a PhD at the University of Texas, Austin and was awarded the position of
Assistant Professor, and later Associate Professor (1995), at the University of Notre
Dame, Indiana. In 2002, she was appointed Foundation Professor of Film and Media
Studies at the University of Otago. She currently holds the title of Professor Emeritus,
University of Otago, and has published widely in the areas of visual culture and
cinema studies, most recently Raymond Bellour: Cinema and the Moving Image, with
Alistair Fox (Edinburgh UP, 2018). She and Alistair now run RDS Gallery in Dunedin.